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United States of Africa
The United States of Africa is a proposed concept for a federation of some or all of the 54 sovereign states on the African continent. The concept takes its origin from Marcus Garvey's 1924 poem, ''Hail, United States of Africa''.〔
Former Libyan leader Muammar al-Gaddafi, who was the 2009 Chairperson of the African Union (AU), advanced the idea of a United States of Africa at two regional African summits: first in June 2007 in Conakry, Guinea,〔(Gaddafi Calls for a "U.S." of Africa ), from Mafé Tiga blog, July 1, 2007〕 and again in February 2009 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.〔(AU summit extended amid divisions ), from BBC News, 4 February 2009〕 Gaddafi had previously pushed for its creation at a 2000 summit in Lomé, Togo,〔("United States of Africa?" ), from BBC News, 11 July 2000〕 having described the AU as a failure on a number of occasions; Gaddafi asserted that only a true pan-African state can provide stability and wealth to Africa. A number of senior AU members also support the proposed federation, believing that it could bring peace to a 'new' Africa.〔( Gaddafi urges pan-African state ), from BBC News, 26 June 2007〕 Alpha Oumar Konaré, former President of Mali and former Chairperson of the African Union Commission, spoke in favor of the concept at the commemoration of Africa Day, on May 25, 2006.〔(Statement of the UA Commission Chairperson )〕
==Origins==
The idea of a multinational unifying African state has been compared to various medieval African empires, including the Ethiopian Empire, the Ghana Empire, the Mali Empire, the Songhai Empire, the Benin Empire, the Kanem Empire, and other historic nation states.〔(Would a United States of Africa work? ), from Le Monde diplomatique (English edition), September 2000〕 During the late 19th and early 20th century the majority of African land was controlled by various European empires, with the British controlling around 30% of the African population at its peak.〔http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/scramble_for_africa_article_01.shtml〕
The term "United States of Africa" was mentioned first by Marcus Garvey in his poem ''Hail, United States of Africa''〔(Hail, United States of Africa )〕 in 1924. Garvey's ideas deeply influenced the birth of the Pan-Africanist movement which culminated in 1945 with the Fifth Pan-African Congress in Manchester, United Kingdom, attended by W. E. B. Du Bois, Patrice Lumumba, George Padmore, Jomo Kenyatta, Dudley Thompson, and Kwame Nkrumah.〔 Later, Nkrumah and Haile Selassie took the idea forward to form the 37 nation Organisation of African Unity, the precursor of the African Union.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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